Research on the design strategy of industrialization of rural housing in southeast region

  The path of residential industrialization in China began in the 1950s, and after more than half a century of development, the research and practice of the promotion and development of residential industrialization in towns and cities are achieving more and more remarkable results. In the vast rural areas of China, however, there are few questions about how to realize the way of residential industrialization.

And in fact, in the field of residential construction in China, rural residential construction accounts for more than half of the total residential construction volume. Therefore, in order to realize the high development of residential industrialization nationwide, we have to realize the development of residential industry in rural areas and study the problem of rural residential industrialization.

  Rural residential industrialization

  (1) The concept of rural residential industrialization

  The so-called housing industrialization refers to the integration of the production and operation of housing into the scope of socialized mass production, the production of housing by industrialized production methods, so that the development of housing products series, production industrialization, technology intensification, sales support, so as to reduce the cost of residential construction and improve the efficiency of residential production. The industrialization of rural housing, on the other hand, applies the concept of residential industrialization to rural housing in order to improve the construction quality and production efficiency of rural housing. The industrialization of rural housing includes the following aspects.

(1) Standardization of village layout, controlling and changing the messy layout.

(2) Standardization and systematization of farm house design, thus laying the foundation for industrialized production of rural houses.

(3) Industrialization of production and construction of farmhouse parts and components, i.e., mass production of residential parts and components in factories beforehand and then assembling them by mechanized methods at construction sites, which is the core content of industrialization of rural houses.

(4) The integration of production, supply and sales of rural houses, i.e., the integration of the construction of rural houses from investment and design to the production of components, construction and sales, and the formation of an enterprise capable of industrialized production of rural houses [2].

  (2) Feasibility analysis of the industrialization of rural housing in southeast of E

  1. Characteristics of villages with different characteristics

  The construction of rural houses in southeast of E has been in a spontaneous and random state, and there is no unified style among the architectural forms in each region, reflecting the disorderly nature of construction.

However, in the same local area, since the production and life style are basically the same and the construction system is the same, most of the farmers design their houses according to the house types of their neighbors, so the houses built tend to be similar. This similarity in house type function and construction system provides a certain basis for the development of residential industrialization, which is conducive to mass replication.

  2. Design conditions tend to be similar

  With the adjustment of industrial structure of rural housing, the functional patterns of rural housing in the same area of southeast of E are basically converging. For example, there are regions where rural areas mostly live on transportation and need to be equipped with garages on the construction of farm houses.

Some regions’ rural areas focus on developing rural tourism, and the functions of farm houses should be more flexible and conducive to transformation. This similarity of production and life style provides the design conditions for residential industrialization.

  3. Rural areas have a tradition of modulization

  The prefabricated panels, a building material, are still widely used in the construction of farmhouses in southeast E. Farmers are used to be able to store more prefabricated panels temporarily after purchasing them and sell them later when its price is high, for example, to their neighbors who are about to carry out residential construction.

It can be seen that the acceptance of farmers’ components is still high, which is conducive to the implementation of residential industrialization in rural areas.

  4.Abundant natural resources

  The southeastern region of Eu is abundant in electric power resources and rich in materials such as steel, cement, gypsum, sand and stone, which provides abundant raw materials for the implementation of residential industrialized structure system.

  5. Low technical access threshold

  Most of the rural houses in southeast of E are mainly low-rise, basically two to three storey farm houses. Thus, certain residential industrialization technologies can be applied to the construction of rural houses with slight improvement. The low-story rural housing form greatly reduces the access threshold of the technology, which is not as complicated as multi-story or high-rise housing, and the farmers themselves can build it after training

  Rural housing in Southeast China

  Industrialized design strategy research

  The “Light House” is the author’s entry in the 2015 Delta Cup International Solar Energy Architectural Design Competition. The scheme is an industrialized energy-saving demonstration farmhouse in the “Huangshi Residential Park” in Hubei Province. In order to consider the purpose of demonstration, promotion and application of rural residential industrialization in the future, the design fully takes into account the characteristics of abundant local steel resources and developed rural economy, and chooses light steel structure as the basic structural system of the building to enhance the adaptability of the farmhouse. It provides more possibilities for enhancing the adaptability of farm buildings.

Combining with the local rural development mode and the current situation of farmers’ life, the design strategy of the industrialization of rural houses in southeast of E has been proposed in terms of standardization of components, spatial parts, diversification of house types and functional flexibility.

  (1) Standardized design strategy of components

  Due to the abundant steel resources in Huangshi area, the characteristics of light steel housing itself, such as energy-saving and environmental protection, convenient and easy to use, and favorable to industrialization, as well as the practical experience of some light steel structure housing in China, this design work selects light steel structure as the basic structure system of the building, and carries out the standardized design of its components.

First of all, in order to meet the requirements of both the modulus size of light steel structure system and the common modulus size of farm houses in Southeast China, the basic modulus of the design work was adapted to the design. The work uses 600mm grid modulus as the standardized members of light steel farmhouse, and fine-tunes the width and depth of the house with a few members of 300mm modulus, so as to form a building size suitable for different needs.

Secondly, the design work was built and split to form the elements of columns, beams, slabs, connectors and other components in turn, and each part was standardized to meet the modulus requirements, forming the standardized component library of the whole farmhouse (Figure 2).

  (2) Spatial component design strategy

  Since the design works use the same or similar sized bathroom, stairwell, patio and sunroom in the serialized design, the finished design of unit spaces such as bathroom, stairwell, patio and sunroom is carried out, and then assembled on site after processing and assembling into a room as a whole in the factory.

The patio and sunroom are designed as parts of the solar technology. The patio component is a product design that integrates light, ventilation and solar thermal technology, and can be selected according to the residents’ wishes, while the sunroom component integrates functions such as summer shading and winter heating, and is a product design that combines solar photovoltaic technology (Figure 3).

  (3) Design strategy for household type diversification

  In order to be applicable to the residential demonstration in hot summer and cold winter areas, it provides integrated demonstration of cultural inheritance and new technology application for urban aggregate residential, low-rise residential and rural housing in hot summer and cold winter areas of China.

Based on the standardization of components and the design of spatial parts, three different sizes of double-story farmhouse house types are designed to achieve the diversification of house types.

  (4) Flexible functional design strategy

  In recent years, in order to correspond to the local government’s vigorous promotion of rural tourism, the work takes the house type of 120?O of the residential site as an example, and carries out the design of functional flexibility. On the basis of not changing the original architectural framework of the house type, the function is partially re-divided by making appropriate adjustments to the internal wall structure, and the inn-type and restaurant-type farmhouse house types are designed with two business modes of catering and living as special cases.

  Conclusion

  In conclusion, the 2015 Delta Cup International Solar Architecture Design Competition No. 4012 has provided us with certain ideas and references in the design of rural residential industrialization, but in China, the realization of rural residential industrialization still needs more in-depth and multifaceted exploration.

As architects, we should pay more attention to rural housing, and through the theory of domestic and foreign construction experience, we should reasonably propose a design method for the industrialization of rural housing suitable for China’s national conditions, which is of great significance to the realization of comprehensive residential industrialization.